The classic study of the Mass is that of Josef Andreas Jungmann, the two-volume Mass of the Roman Rite or Missarum Solemnia. For information on the history development of the Mass see Eucharist and Origin of the Eucharist. For information on the theology of the Eucharist and on the Eucharistic liturgy of other Christian denominations, see " Mass (liturgy)", " Eucharist" and " Eucharistic theology". The Roman Rite Mass, the predominant form of its celebration in the Catholic Church, is the focus of this article. Thus, the Mass is offered for four ends: adoration, atonement, thanksgiving, and petition. Its Priest, Jesus Christ, uses the ministry of an earthly representative its Victim, Jesus Christ, truly present under the appearances of bread and wine its altar and the Sacrifice is a mystic representation of the blood-shedding of Calvary. The Mass contains the four essential elements of a true sacrifice: priest, victim, altar, and sacrifice. Thus, the Mass is a unifying event of the Last Supper and Christ's sacrifice on Calvary. The unbloody sacrifice of the Last Supper is a memorial of Christ's bloody sacrifice on the cross. The first Holy Sacrifice of the Mass was celebrated on the eve of the Passion. The first Mass was instituted by Christ at the Last Supper, on the first Holy Thursday. These channels are the Sacrifice of the Mass and the other Sacraments. At Calvary, Christ not only merited all graces for people but also established certain channels whereby these graces may be obtained. These merits form an inexhaustible fountain of grace to nourish the supernatural life of souls. Jesus Christ merited all graces and blessings for us by His death on the Cross. In the New Covenant, the one sacrifice on the altar of Calvary is revisited during every Catholic Mass. In Catholic teaching, the holy sacrifice of the Mass is the fulfillment of all the sacrifices of the Old Covenant.
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